In common usage, "macro photography" has for many years had a pretty loose meaning. It just means close, probably closer than your normal equipment could easily manage. The formal definition is that the magnification of the image is greater than or equal to 1:1, but I have also heard it stated as greater than 1x.
These definitions aren't very useful, IMO, because they ignore sensor size. Thus, while a frame-filling image of a 3 centimeter bug would be considered macro on a full frame camera, it wouldn't be when taken on a phone.
We don't have a better definition of macro for now, but for most of us, if it looks closer than normal, it is macro.